I have intended to write on this topic for some time but….. Anyway, I have decided that I shall just start writing, and post whatever I have written, whether it is to my satisfaction or not, and then go back and edit it later. Those of you already in the know, will know that I have just demonstrated metacognitive knowledge of myself, the nature of the task and the special advantages conferred on blog owners. Lucky me.
The current focus of my interest in learning difficulties is….. dyspraxia. (note: ask susan how to do one of those clever little in-text hyperlinks to a definition). Basically, dyspraxia describes a whole range of difficulties that arise when the brain does not co-ordinate planning with movement in the most efficient way. So, it includes the clumsiness some people exhibit when they reach out to catch a ball, or the inability of a child to write ON a line, or the lack of spatial awareness of someone who accidentally sits on your lap instead of on the seat beside you. Of course, it also includes many other things that range from inconvenient to disabling and life-threatening.
Why am I so interested in dyspraxia? In part, because it is so common in its milder forms. Also, we tend to blame dyspraxia on the sufferer as if they choose to be clumsy, or messy, or forgetful, or disorganised. This is so unfair because who chooses to have a disability? Of course another reason for my interest is that because since it is a LEARNING difficulty, it can be remediated by teaching and I am a teacher.
Primary and Kindergarten teachers do lots of things to help children learn to co-ordinate their brain with their movement. If this was always enough, I probably would not be interested in dyspraxia. The fact that it is not enough for some children. That Secondary teachers do little, and know less, about dyspraxia is rather shocking because we see its effects everyday and spend a whole lot of time nagging and punishing students for things they just can’t do much about themselves.
We don’t penalise students or yell at them for not being able to read, or do Maths (well we are not supposed to!). We know that if they can’t read, it’s not their fault and it’s our job to teach them those skills or refer them to someone else who will. What about students who can’t estimate time, so don’t know how long it will take them to get to their next class and are therefore often late?
How about students who are given a multi-step task and can’t sequence and so don’t know which instruction to start with and then what to do next? At this point you may be saying, “Well, surely they know to start at the top and work their way down the list?” Your first wrong assumption might have been that the teacher wrote down the instructions. The second was that the student knew there was a top. The third was that it is automatic to work down a list systematically. The fourth was that the student realised that the items on the list were connected in any way. The fifth might have been that the student had a clue that he was actually supposed to do something related to those written or spoken words.
Of course, most students in an average ability high school class can indeed follow multi-step written instructions. They don’t interest me, except in regard to what they do need, i.e clear instructions that are accessible to them as they work through the task. This is called “good practice”. I am interested in the students for whom “good practice” is not enough because they need more practise…duh…lame Englsh teacher pun.. in the micro-skills needed to develop the big skill of following written instructions.
A divergence here, sorry this is not good practice but…this is how my mind works when I am not teaching.
At my SPELD course recently, I asked why it was that even though kindergarten and primary teachers are drilled in the Vygotskian vocabulary of scaffolding and apprentice ship, they let children write stories full of spelling and grammar mistakes? My tutor’s answer was that the teachers are misunderstanding the concept of “first steps”. In other words, they see the end product , for example a magazine article, and think that the first step for the children is to write sentences. I fact the first steps are to form letters, to spell common words, to use punctuation etc. A master would not ask an apprentice to make a complex finished article, unaided, until he was sure that all the steps had been mastered. So, why do we ask students to write “authentic” pieces unaided when they can’t spell, or punctuate?